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Legend:
 Definition
 Field Listing
 Rank Order
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Background:
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French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA,
installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving
head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections
instituted in the early 1990s, the government continues to be
dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People
(RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. In
addition, Togo has come under fire from international
organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political
unrest. Most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains
frozen. |
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Location:
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Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and
Ghana |
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Geographic coordinates:
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8 00 N, 1 10 E |
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Map references:
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Africa
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Area:
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total: 56,785 sq km
land: 54,385 sq km
water: 2,400 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than West Virginia |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 1,647 km
border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana
877 km |
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Coastline:
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56 km |
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 30 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
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Climate:
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tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north |
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Terrain:
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gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau;
low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mont Agou 986 m |
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Natural resources:
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phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land |
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Land use:
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arable land: 46.15%
permanent crops: 2.21%
other: 51.64% (2001) |
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Irrigated land:
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70 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during
winter; periodic droughts |
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Environment - current issues:
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deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the
use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and
hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban
areas |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Geography - note:
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the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct
geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna |
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Population:
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5,556,812
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into
account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can
result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death
rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the
distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be
expected (July 2004 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 43.9% (male 1,222,622; female 1,214,443)
15-64 years: 53.6% (male 1,455,373; female 1,522,456)
65 years and over: 2.6% (male 59,165; female 82,753) (2004
est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 17.6 years
male: 17.2 years
female: 17.9 years (2004 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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2.27% (2004 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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34.36 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Death rate:
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11.64 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 67.66 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 75.4 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 59.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 53.05 years
male: 51.07 years
female: 55.09 years (2004 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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4.79 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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4.1% (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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110,000 (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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10,000 (2003 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Togolese (singular and plural)
adjective: Togolese |
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Ethnic groups:
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native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe,
Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
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Religions:
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indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20% |
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Languages:
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French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the
two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes
spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in
the north) |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 60.9%
male: 75.4%
female: 46.9% (2003 est.) |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Togolese Republic
conventional short form: Togo
local long form: Republique Togolaise
local short form: none
former: French Togoland |
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Government type:
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republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule |
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Capital:
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Lome |
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Administrative divisions:
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5 regions (regions, singular - region); Kara, Plateaux, Savanes,
Centrale, Maritime |
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Independence:
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27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship) |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 27 April (1960) |
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Constitution:
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multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the
Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September
1992 |
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Legal system:
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French-based court system |
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Suffrage:
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NA years of age; universal adult |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14
April 1967)
head of government: Prime Minister Koffi SAMA (since 29
June 2002)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
and the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a
five-year term; election last held 1 June 2003 (next to be held NA
June 2008); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president;
percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 57.2%, Emmanuel Akitani BOB
34.1%, Yawovi AGBOYIBO 5.2%, Maurice Dahuku PERE 2.3%, Edem KODJO
1.0% |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next NA 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by
party - RPT 72, RSDD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1
note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the
Union of the Forces for Change, and the Action Committee for
Renewal |
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Judicial branch:
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Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
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Political parties and leaders:
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Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace and
Equality or MOCEP [leader NA]; Rally for the Support for
Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harryy OLYMPIO]; Rally of the
Togolese People or RPT [President Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union for
Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]
note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President
EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple
parties was legalized 12 April 1991 |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO,
ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
Interpol, IOC, ITU, MICAH, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNIDO, UNMIL, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA
chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC
20008
telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212
FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Gregory ENGLE
embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome
mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome
telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94
FAX: [228] 221 79 52 |
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Flag description:
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five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating
with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in
the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors
of Ethiopia |
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Economy - overview:
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This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both
commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment
for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be
imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export
earnings, with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is
the world's fourth-largest producer of phosphate, but production
fell an estimated 22% in 2002 due to power shortages and the cost
of developing new deposits. The government's decade-long effort,
supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic
reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues
in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on
following through on privatization, increased openness in
government financial operations, progress toward legislative
elections, and continued support from foreign donors. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $8.257 billion (2003 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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3.3% (2003 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2003 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 39.5%
industry: 20.4%
services: 40.1% (2003 est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed):
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18.4% of GDP (2003) |
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Population below poverty line:
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32% (1989 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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-1% (2003 est.) |
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Labor force:
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1.74 million (1996) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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NA (2003 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $214.5 million
expenditures: $296.4 million, including capital
expenditures of NA (2003 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice,
millet, sorghum; livestock; fish |
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Industries:
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phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts,
textiles, beverages |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA |
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Electricity - production:
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101.6 million kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - consumption:
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614.5 million kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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520 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2001)
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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10,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001) |
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Current account balance:
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$-140 million (2003) |
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Exports:
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$398.1 million f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa |
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Exports - partners:
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Burkina Faso 16.6%, Ghana 15.4%, Netherlands 13%, Benin 9.6%, Mali
7.7% (2003 est.) |
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Imports:
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$501.3 million f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products |
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Imports - partners:
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France 21.1%, Netherlands 12.1%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.9%, Germany 4.6%,
Italy 4.4%, South Africa 4.3%, China 4.1% (2003 est.) |
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Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:
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$257 million (2003) |
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Debt - external:
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$1.4 billion (2000) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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ODA $80 million (2000 est.) |
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Currency:
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Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible
authority is the Central Bank of the West African States |
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Currency code:
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XOF |
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Exchange rates:
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Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 581.2
(2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699
(1999) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |
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